伐木累
热评｜阳光招生，实实在在的民生红利_我的网站
一 | 秋季学期开学临近，关于义务教育均衡编班的话题和新闻引发社会的关注。
Two successful launches among China's recent frequent moves caught particular attention of space watchers - the 24th group of low-Earth orbit internet (LEO) satellites aboard a Long March-12 rocket was sent from a commercial spacecraft launch site in the southern island province of Hainan on Sunday, 12 days after the 23rd group of LEO satellites aboard a Long March-8A rocket was launched from the same Hainan site on August 4.
Sunday's mission marked the 663rd launch of the Long March series of carrier rockets, which on Monday sent an SEO satellite into preset orbit, per Xinhua.
Experts said the launches of two groups of LEO satellites within 12 days underlined that China is notably accelerating its pace of building its satellite internet constellation.
"The launch of LEO satellites has now entered a regular and cyclical rhythm, with batches of satellites continuously being sent into orbit at relatively stable intervals," Kang Guohua, a senior member of the Chinese Society of Astronautics and a professor of Aerospace Engineering at Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, told the Global Times on Monday.
China launched the first group of LEO internet satellites on December 16, 2024, proceeding to the 24th batch in about 20 months. Kang said three major production and launch "assembly lines" are supporting the effort: satellite factories featuring centralized design in Beijing, coordinated supply chains and mass production; rockets with streamlined launch and testing procedures and multiple configurations; and launch sites capable of supporting routine constellation deployment.
The Long March-12, which played a key role in the latest LEO satellite launch, is China's first 4-meter-class single-core-stage carrier rocket and was specifically developed for commercial launch needs. It is about 62.6 meters long, has a liftoff mass of 430 tons and can carry more than 12 tons to low-Earth orbit. Its first stage is equipped with four 1,250-kilonewton pump-fed liquid oxygen-kerosene engines and uses a newly developed coal-based aerospace kerosene, according to Shanghai Academy of Spaceflight Technology.
The rocket adopts a "three-horizontal" launch preparation model: horizontal assembly, horizontal testing and horizontal transportation. Depending on mission requirements, it can use fairings with diameters of 4.2 or 5.2 meters and support both single-satellite and multi-satellite launches into different orbits.
"This flexibility makes the Long March-12 particularly suitable for the 'one rocket, multiple satellites' model required for constellation deployment, making it one of the main launch vehicles currently used for LEO constellation missions," Kang said.
The mission also highlighted the launch site's growing ability to support high-frequency launches. The rocket took only two and a half days from being transported to the launch area to liftoff, setting a record for the shortest time a rocket occupied the launch position at the site, Kang said.
Despite the rapid progress, experts cautioned that the 228 satellites currently in orbit remain some distance from the ultimate goal. China's satellite internet project has a long-term goal of deploying nearly 8,000 satellites and is now in an accelerated "weaving" phase.
China's advantage lies in its ability to control costs and boost production efficiency once satellite manufacturing reaches mass-production scale, another expert surnamed Liu told the Global Times.
"Whether it is the production capacity of AI centers or the factory in Hainan, which has an annual satellite manufacturing capacity of 1,000 units, satellite production itself is not the problem," Liu said. "More bottlenecks lie in the operational efficiency of launch pads and the rocket payload and recovery technology."
The real challenge lies in rocket reusability. Only by lowering launch costs and increasing launch frequency can China sustain a pace of more than one launch per week. This is also the strategic significance of accelerating the development of reusable rocket technology, including the Long March-10B and privately developed rockets, Kang further noted.
Chinese Academy of Engineering academician Deng Zhongliang previously said in an interview that satellite internet will serve as an indispensable space-time infrastructure for 6G, enabling emerging industries worth trillions of yuan, including the low-altitude economy, advanced autonomous driving and the Internet of Things (IoT).
。均衡编班也叫平行分班、阳光分班，是指在小学和初中起始年级全面实施免试就近入学，不依据学生成绩、特长等设立或变相设立重点班、实验班、快慢班。
二 | 按照教育部的要求，从今年开始，全面推进义务教育均衡编班。在均衡编班方面，走在了全国前列。
三 | 从2022年起，石家庄等地就通过电脑随机派位方式均衡编班。今年，又明确提出，全面实施师资均衡配置、学生随机分班，合理制定方案，实现各班级学生在人数、性别等方面的基本均衡。
四 | 学校分班方案、过程及结果应向家长公开，主动接受监督，确保程序公开透明。均衡编班是阳光招生的重要一环。2024年以来，教育部连续三年部署开展义务教育阳光招生专项行动，全面规范义务教育招生入学工作。教育公平，起点在于入学机会的公平。如何做好阳光招生，是摆在各级教育行政管理部门和学校面前的一道必答题。做好阳光招生，首先要合理划定招生片区范围。属地教育行政部门要健全常住学龄人口变化监测预警制度，开展各学段入学人数和现有学位摸底，提前做好预判应对。科学合理划定学校招生片区，对出现学校布局调整、学龄人口变化较大等情况的，可在科学评估、广泛征求意见的基础上适当调整片区范围，并提前向社会公布。
五 | 把普通高中纳入阳光招生专项行动，是今年的一大亮点。
六 | 教育部要求，部属高校附中、省属高中、设区的城市高中，一律不得违规面向县域掐尖招生，切实保障县域普通高中发展空间。为了让不同学校的学生同样拥有升入优质高中的机会，持续放大指标到校政策效能，省级示范性普通高中将不低于80%招生名额分配到区域内初中学校。针对“意向登记”“保底协议”等违规乱象，明令禁止提前签约、收取意向金，杜绝招生与捐资助学、教育赞助相挂钩，守护高中阶段招生的公平秩序。阳光招生，既要管住学校的招生行为，也要兜牢特殊群体的入学保障。专项行动把保障重点群体入学作为八项重点任务之一，要求全面落实“两为主、两纳入、以居住证为主要依据”的随迁子女入学政策。人口集中流入地区要持续加大公办学校学位供给和招生计划，不断提高随迁子女在公办学校就读比例。做好特殊群体入学保障，各地教育行政部门坚持应入尽入原则，通过普通学校随班就读、特教学校就读、送教上门等方式，妥善、适宜安置适龄残疾儿童少年接受义务教育。面对多子女家庭现实诉求，各地因地制宜落实“长幼随学”实施办法，在学位允许前提下，方便多孩家庭子女同校就读，体现政策温度。做好阳光招生，还要简化手续，做好“教育入学一件事”。要加快推进户籍、房产、居住证、社保、学籍等入学相关信息的互通共享，制订“教育入学一件事”办事指引清单，线上业务办理实现报名、审核、录取等“一网通办”。阳光招生，是一场制度性重构。从“掐尖”被禁止，到分班被规范，再到指标到校被落实，阳光招生正在从政策要求变成实实在在的民生红利。（王敬照）。
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Published on:07:33:21
