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What Is Hurricane Storm Surge, and Why Can It Be So Catastrophic?_我的网站

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By Anthony C. Didlake Jr.
Of all the hazards that hurricanes bring, storm surge is the greatest threat to life and property along the coast. It can sweep homes off their foundations, flood riverside communities miles inland, and break up dunes and levees that normally protect coastal areas against storms.
As a hurricane reaches the coast, it pushes a huge volume of ocean water ashore. This is what we call storm surge.
This surge appears as a gradual rise in the water level as the storm approaches. Depending on the size and track of the hurricane, storm surge flooding can last for several hours. It then recedes after the storm passes.
Water level heights during a hurricane can reach 20 feet or more above normal sea level. With powerful waves on top of it, a hurricane’s storm surge can cause catastrophic damage.

What determines how high storm surge gets?

Storm surge begins over the open ocean. The strong winds of a hurricane push the ocean waters around and cause water to pile up under the storm. The low air pressure of the storm also plays a small role in lifting the water level. The height and extent of this pile of water depend on the strength and size of the hurricane.
As this pile of water moves toward the coast, other factors can change its height and extent.
If a coastal area has a sea floor that gently slopes away from the coastline, it’s more likely to see a higher storm surge than an area with a steeper drop-off. Gentle slopes along the Louisiana and Texas coasts have contributed to some devastating storm surges. Hurricane Katrina’s surge in 2005 broke levees and flooded New Orleans. Hurricane Ike’s 15- to 17-foot storm surge and waves swept hundreds of homes off Texas’ Bolivar Peninsula in 2008. Both were large, powerful storms that hit in vulnerable locations.
The shape of the coastline can also shape the surge. When storm surge enters a bay or river, the geography of the land can act as a funnel, sending the water even higher.

Other factors that shape storm surge

Ocean tides – caused by the gravity of the moon and sun – can also strengthen or weaken the impact of storm surge. So, it’s important to know the timing of the local tides compared to the hurricane landfall.
At high tide, the water is already at an elevated height. If landfall happens at high tide, the storm surge will cause even higher water levels and bring more water further inland. The Carolinas saw those effects when Hurricane Isaias hit at close to high tide on Aug. 3, 2020. Isaias brought a storm surge of about 4 feet at Myrtle Beach, South Carolina, but the water level was more than 10 feet above normal.
How storm surge and high tide add up to coastal flooding.(The COMET Program/UCAR and National Weather Service)
Sea level rise is another growing concern that influences storm surge.
As water warms, it expands, and that has slowly raised sea level over the past century as global temperatures have risen. Freshwater from melting of ice sheets and glaciers also adds to sea level rise. Together, they elevate the background ocean height. When a hurricane arrives, the higher ocean means storm surge can bring water further inland, to a more dangerous and widespread effect.
。    当地时间24日，美军南方司令部在社交媒体上发表声明说，美军23日在东太平洋打击一艘“贩毒船”，造成船上两人死亡。

二 |         图片来源：美军南方司令部在社交媒体上发布的视频截图    声明说，根据美军南方司令部司令弗朗西斯·多诺万的命令，美军“西半球联合特遣部队”对一艘“在东太平洋既定贩毒路线上航行”的船只实施打击，“情报显示该船正积极参与贩毒活动”。船上两名“毒品恐怖分子”被打死。    美军南方司令部发布的帖文中附带的视频显示，一艘船只正在水面航行，紧接着便发生剧烈爆炸。    这是美军南方司令部时隔两月后再次宣布对所谓“贩毒船”发动打击。自2025年9月初以来，美军在加勒比海和东太平洋对美方指称的所谓“贩毒船”进行多次打击，并于当年11月13日宣布发起“南方之矛”军事行动。然而，美国政府一直未公布任何可以证明其攻击目标涉毒的证据。    来源：中国新闻网返回，查看更多。

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Published on:05:48:48


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